Understanding how Asperger’s and autism are connected can be confusing for many parents. Over the years, terms and diagnostic criteria have evolved, leaving families wondering what applies to their child. This guide will clarify the key differences and similarities between Asperger’s vs autism, explain how diagnoses have changed, and describe how ABA therapy supports children across the autism spectrum.
Let’s imagine you’re a parent of a 6-year-old who talks early, loves dinosaurs, and has trouble making friends at school. Maybe a teacher suggests an evaluation for autism, but you’re hearing the word “Asperger’s” from older relatives or friends. What’s the difference? This guide is here to answer that question and more.
Quick Comparison: Autism vs. Asperger’s
| Feature | Asperger’s (historical) | Autism (broader ASD) |
| Diagnosis | Former separate diagnosis (DSM-IV) | Unified under ASD (DSM-5) |
| Language Development | Typically no delays; advanced vocabulary common | May involve delays or atypical development |
| Cognitive Function | Average to high intelligence | Can range from intellectual disability to above-average |
| Current Term | Now classified as ASD Level 1 | Covered under autism spectrum disorder |
This overview helps clarify the terms you’re likely to encounter as you explore your child’s needs.
Historical Overview of Asperger’s Within the Broader Autism Spectrum
Asperger’s was once considered a separate diagnosis from autism. Under the DSM-IV, it was used to describe individuals with autism-like traits who showed no significant delays in language or cognitive development. However, in 2013, the DSM-5 reclassified Asperger’s under the broader term autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Today, Asperger’s is no longer a standalone diagnosis. Instead, it falls under ASD Level 1, which describes individuals needing support but typically without intellectual or language impairments. This shift reflects a better understanding that autism is a spectrum, and Asperger’s represents one part of that range. In short, autism spectrum disorder is now the correct term, even when referring to what was once known as Asperger’s.
What Is the ABA Therapy Approach to Supporting Those With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is one of the most effective methods for supporting children with ASD, including those previously diagnosed with Asperger’s. ABA focuses on reinforcing positive behaviors and building practical skills in areas like communication, social interaction, and emotional regulation.
ABA therapy programs can be tailored to meet the unique profile of each child. For individuals with autism spectrum disorder level 1, 2, or 3, therapists assess strengths and challenges to set goals that align with the child’s developmental level. For example:
- Level 1 (formerly Asperger’s): Therapy might emphasize building peer relationships, reading social cues, managing anxiety, or improving executive functioning.
- Level 2 or 3: Programming might focus more heavily on communication tools, behavior management, sensory integration, and foundational life skills.
The evolution of ABA therapy now includes a focus on the child’s quality of life, preferences, and autonomy. This means therapy is not just about behavior modification, but helping children navigate their world with confidence and independence.
Let’s say your child avoids eye contact and struggles with changes to their daily routine. ABA sessions might start by teaching a simple routine with visuals, reinforcing flexibility with praise and small rewards. Over time, they learn to handle changes with less anxiety. These real-life applications make ABA an adaptable tool across the spectrum.
Learn more about how ABA therapy has developed over time through the history of ABA.
Key Differences Between Autism vs. Asperger’s
Although they now fall under the same diagnostic umbrella, it can still be helpful to understand how the traits historically associated with Asperger’s differ from other parts of the spectrum.
Language Development
- Asperger’s: Typically no significant language delays. Children may even have advanced vocabularies for their age.
- Autism: Language development may be delayed or atypical. Some children are nonverbal or use alternative communication tools.
Cognitive Function
- Asperger’s: Generally average to above-average intelligence. Children may excel in specific areas or show intense interests.
- Autism: Cognitive abilities can vary widely. Some children have intellectual disabilities or uneven skill development.
Social Interaction
- Asperger’s: Children often want to interact but may struggle with social cues, tone of voice, or understanding personal space.
- Autism: May involve greater social challenges, such as limited eye contact or preference for solitary play.
Diagnosis Timing
- Asperger’s: Often diagnosed later, once social difficulties become more evident in school or group settings.
- Autism: Usually diagnosed earlier due to more visible developmental delays.
Asperger’s vs. Autism: Similarities
Despite the differences, there are many shared traits between Asperger’s and other forms of ASD. These include:
- Social challenges
- Restricted interests
- Repetitive behaviors
- Sensory sensitivities
Children across the spectrum may struggle with changes in routine, emotional regulation, or understanding others’ perspectives. These shared characteristics are why early, individualized intervention is so important.
ABA therapy can target these areas by creating structured learning opportunities and reinforcing helpful coping strategies. For example, a child who becomes overwhelmed in noisy environments might benefit from visual schedules, sensory breaks, or emotion labeling tools.
You can explore more practical strategies through our resources on aba therapy at home and aba self regulation.
Is Asperger’s Just High-Functioning Autism?
This is a common question. Many people equate Asperger’s with high functioning autism, and while there are overlaps, the term “high functioning” isn’t a formal diagnosis. It generally refers to individuals with autism who have strong language and cognitive skills.
Some parents may find the term helpful for understanding their child’s needs, while others feel it oversimplifies complex challenges. Whether you use the term or not, what matters most is understanding your child’s profile and ensuring they receive the right support.
It’s also important to note that “high-functioning” is not recognized clinically and can sometimes mask the support that a child still needs. Always consider the full picture of a child’s development, beyond labels, to guide decisions about intervention and care.
You can read more on symptoms of high functioning autism or high functioning autism and asperger’s syndrome.
Understanding the Diagnostic Process
Identifying ASD, including presentations similar to Asperger’s, requires a thorough and nuanced assessment. One of the most widely used tools is the ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule), which helps clinicians observe a child’s real-time responses during structured activities.
Learn more about this process in our article on ADOS testing.
Diagnosis involves combining clinical observations with input from parents, teachers, and developmental histories. Accurate diagnosis helps ensure children receive appropriate interventions as early as possible—a key factor in long-term success.
How Heartlinks ABA Therapy Benefits Children With Autism and Symptoms of Asperger’s Disorder
At Heartlinks, we work with children across the spectrum, including those with traits formerly associated with Asperger’s. Our therapists tailor ABA programs to each child’s strengths and challenges, helping them develop communication skills, emotional resilience, and social confidence.
We offer services in multiple locations:
Whether your child is newly diagnosed or you’re seeking additional support, we’re here to guide your family with compassion and clarity.
FAQs
Is Asperger’s still diagnosed today?
No. As of the DSM-5, Asperger’s is no longer used as a separate diagnosis. It is now part of autism spectrum disorder.
How does support differ for autism vs. Asperger’s?
Support is based on individual needs, not labels. ABA therapy adapts to the child’s strengths and goals, regardless of where they fall on the spectrum. A child with strong verbal skills may benefit from peer-based learning, while another may need more support with daily routines or transitions.
What’s the difference between high functioning autism and Asperger’s?
Historically, Asperger’s implied no language delay, while high-functioning autism could include early language delays. Today, both are categorized under ASD, and support is based on individual strengths and needs.